Stress disorders are a highly topical issue among children and adults, especially in light of events such as the flood of the century in 2021, which severely affected communities such as Ahrweiler and Erftstadt. Many people, both those directly affected and relatives of the deceased, suffer from severe stress disorders due to this traumatic event.
Similarly, the challenges of the coronavirus pandemic have left deep scars, both through the loss of loved ones and the disturbing images of body bags being dumped in containers. These events have caused stress for many people and some may be suffering from stress disorders.
Russia's recent war of aggression against Ukraine has brought back grim memories of World War II, even triggering flashbacks of that era in some older people. Even police and firefighters, who face daily stressors, are not immune to stress disorders and are at increased risk.
It is important to understand that stress disorders occur when a person experiences overwhelming stressors that exceed their coping abilities!
A prominent example of this is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can occur after experiencing traumatic events such as war, abuse or natural disasters. People with PTSD can suffer from flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, which can significantly affect their daily lives.
Differences between posttraumatic stress disorder and adjustment disorder
characteristic | PTSD | Adjustment disorder |
Triggering Event | Traumatic event such as war, abuse, natural disaster | Life-changing situation (e.g. loss of a loved one, job problems) |
Symptoms | Flashbacks, nightmares, extreme anxiety | Anxiety, depressive mood, difficulties in adjustment |
Duration of the disruption | Lasting longer than one month | Lasting longer than one month |
Severity of stress | Significant impairment of daily life | Impairment of well-being and functionality |
Diagnostic criteria in the ICD-10 | F43.1 (Posttraumatic stress disorder) | F43.2 (Adjustment disorder) |
Treatment | - Psychotherapy - Medication if required | - Psychotherapy - Support in coping with life situations |
Therapy methods | - Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) - EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) - Drug treatment - Systemic therapy - Relaxation techniques - Social support | - Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) - Drug treatment - Systemic therapy - Relaxation techniques - Social support |
Case study: Therapy course for PTSD after a natural disaster – an individual path to recovery!
Step | Description |
Diagnosis and treatment planning | After the rescue, Peter is seen by a therapist who diagnoses PTSD. An individualized treatment plan is created that includes a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), systemic therapy, and a systems approach. |
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) | Peter begins regular CBT sessions to identify and change negative thought patterns and develop coping strategies. He keeps a thought diary, questions irrational beliefs, develops alternative thoughts and learns relaxation exercises. |
Relaxation exercises | Peter learns various relaxation techniques such as progressive muscle relaxation, breathing exercises and mindfulness exercises to reduce stress and promote physical relaxation. |
Exposure therapy | Under the guidance of his therapist, Peter is gradually confronted with anxiety-provoking situations or stimuli in order to reduce his anxiety reactions and process traumatic memories. |
Systemic therapy | Peter and his therapist work to identify and understand the family and social dynamics that may be influencing his stress disorder, and incorporate family members or loved ones into therapy to encourage healthy communication patterns and build supportive relationships. |
Monitoring for possible depression | During the course of therapy, Peter is regularly monitored for possible depression, as there is an increased risk after traumatic experiences such as the flood disaster. His therapist looks for signs of depression and makes an appropriate diagnosis if necessary. |
Dealing with setbacks | Despite progress, Peter occasionally experiences setbacks. His therapist encourages him to share his feelings openly, supports him in activating his coping strategies and integrates the systemic approach. Peter uses the techniques he has learned and the support of his social network to deal with his symptoms. |
It is important to emphasize that monitoring for possible signs of depression is crucial during the course of therapy. Symptoms such as persistent sadness, loss of interest, insomnia or excessive fatigue may indicate concurrent depression. Should such symptoms occur, it is advisable to immediately consult a specialist or psychiatrist in order to receive appropriate treatment.
For further information please visit:
German Society for Psychotraumatology (DeGPT):
The DeGPT offers information about PTSD, treatment options and training for professionals.
Trauma Information Center (TIZ):
The TIZ offers information on trauma-related disorders, self-help and professional help for those affected and their relatives.
German Society for Psychology (DGPs):
The DGPs provides an overview of psychological professionals and psychotherapists who specialize in the treatment of PTSD.
Federal Association of Relatives of Mentally Ill People (BApK):
The BApK offers support and information for relatives of people with mental illnesses, including PTSD.
Self-help groups:
Many cities and communities have support groups for people with PTSD. These groups provide a supportive environment for sharing experiences and supporting each other. Information about local support groups can often be found via online platforms, social networks or by asking mental health facilities in your area.
Self-help group Erftstadt-Bliesheim ( www.selbsthilfegruppe-erftstadt.de )
Dealing with stress disorders: Focus on coping strategies and therapy approaches
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